22 基本文とポイント
1 I want to eat a hamburger. (私はハンバーガーを食べたい。)
▶不定詞 〈to+動詞の原形 〉を不定詞という。
▶名詞的用法 「~すること」という意味を表し,文の中で主語・動詞の目的語・補語となる。
2 She has a lot of things to do. (彼女はすることがたくさんあります。)
▶形容詞的用法 「~する(ための),~すべき」という意味を表し,後ろから前の(代)名詞を修飾する。
3 He went to Paris to study art. (彼は美術を勉強するためにパリへ行きました。) I was happy to see him again. (私はまた彼に会えてうれしかった。)
▶副詞的用法 ① 「~するために,~しに」と目的を表し,動詞を修飾する。
② 感情を表す形容詞のあとに置かれ,「~して」と感情の原因・理由を表す。
4 Jane enjoyed listening to music. (ジェーンは音楽を聞いて楽しみました。) His hobby is playing the guitar. (彼の趣味はギターを弾くことです。)
Thank you for calling. (電話をかけてくれてありがとう。)
▶動名詞 ① 動詞のing形が「~すること」という意味を表す。
② 主語・動詞の目的語・補語・前置詞(for,in,withoutなど)の目的語として使われる。
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〈 名詞的用法 〉 次の英文を日本文になおすとき,( )の部分を補いなさい。⑴ She likes to play the piano. 彼女は( )。
⑵ I want to be a doctor. 私は( )。
⑶ It will begin to rain soon. まもなく( )。
⑷ He tried to open the door. 彼は( )。
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〈 形容詞的用法 〉 次の日本文に合う英文になるように,( )内の語を並べかえなさい。⑴ 私は何か飲み物がほしい。 I ( something / want / to ) drink.
I drink.
⑵ 私は言うべきことが1つあります。 I ( thing / have / to / one ) say.
I say.
⑶ 彼はテニスをする時間がありません。 He has ( time / tennis / no / play / to ).
He has .
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〈 副詞的用法 〉 次の英文を日本文になおすとき,( )の部分を補いなさい。⑴ I went to the station to meet my friend.
私は( )。
⑵ He studies hard to be a scientist.
彼は( )。
⑶ We were sad to hear the news.
私たちは( )。
講座
第 6 不定詞,動名詞
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〈 動名詞 〉 次の日本文に合う英文になるように, に適する語を書きなさい。⑴ あなたのお姉さんは音楽を聞くのが好きですか。
Does your sister to music?
⑵ 彼女の仕事はケーキを作ることです。 Her job is cakes.
⑶ 本を読むことは私たちにとって大切です。
books important for us.
⑷ テレビを見るのをやめて,宿題をしなさい。
TV and do your homework.
⑸ 私はジェーンとテニスをして楽しみました。
I tennis with Jane.
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〈 不定詞と動名詞 〉 次の各組の文がほぼ同じ内容を表すように, に適する語を書きなさい。⑴ We like to swim in the sea in summer. We like in the sea in summer.
⑵ To use a computer is easy for Jim. a computer is easy for Jim.
⑶ They began learning Japanese two years ago.
They began Japanese two years ago.
⑷ Bob started watching a soccer game on TV.
Bob started a soccer game on TV.
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〈 不定詞と動名詞 〉 次の文の に,( )内の語を適する形になおして書きなさい。2語になる場合もあります。
⑴ We enjoyed along the river. ( walk )
⑵ Susan wanted something for you. ( do )
⑶ When did you f inish this book? ( read )
⑷ He hopes in France. ( study )
⑸ It stopped soon. ( rain )
⑹ Thank you for to my birthday party. ( come )
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〈 動詞の ing 形の用法 〉 次の各組の英文を,意味のちがいに注意して日本文になおしなさい。⑴ ① Ken stopped to talk with his friend.
( )
② Ken stopped talking with his friend.
( )
⑵ ① My father is taking care of f lowers.
( )
② My father’s hobby is taking care of f lowers.
( )
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次の下線部と同じ用法の不定詞を含む文をア~エから1つ選び,記号で答えなさい。She stopped the car to ask the way. 〔 〕
ア They started to sing. イ We go to school to study.
ウ We need time to think. エ Does Jane like to watch movies?
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次の文の( )内から適するものを選び,記号で答えなさい。⑴ Akira hopes (ア study イ studies ウ studying エ to study ) English in Australia.〔 〕
⑵ She will f inish (ア write イ writes ウ writing エ to write ) a report soon. 〔 〕
⑶ We stopped (ア work イ worked ウ working エ to work ) and had lunch. 〔 〕
⑷ I took a bath after (ア watching イ watched ウ to watch エ I watch ) TV. 〔 〕
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次の各組の文がほぼ同じ内容を表すように, に適する語を書きなさい。⑴ Do you have any food with you?
Do you have anything with you?
⑵ We played baseball yesterday. We enjoyed it very much. We enjoyed very much yesterday.
⑶ She left the room. She did not say goodbye at that time. She left the room without .
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意味の通る正しい英文になるように,( )内の語句を並べかえなさい。⑴ Please ( drink / something / me / give / to ).
Please .
⑵ There are ( to / of / see / a lot / good places ) in Kyoto and Nara.
There are in Kyoto and Nara.
⑶ A: I hear you joined the soccer team. B: Yes. ( is / playing / fun / soccer ) for me.
for me.
⑷ A: Were you busy today?
B: Yes, I was so busy. I ( time / eat / had / to / no ) lunch.
I lunch.
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( )内の語数で,次の日本文を英文になおしなさい。⑴ あなたは何になりたいですか。 (6語)
⑵ 彼はあなたの手紙を読んで喜ぶでしょう。 (8語)
⑶ 毎朝朝食を食べることはとても大切です。 (7語)
HIGH STEP 問 題
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次の英文は,中学生の浩(Hiroshi)が,学校行事で農村を訪れ,宿泊体験したときのことを書いたものです。 これを読んで,あとの各問いに答えなさい。Last June students from my school had a *chance ⓐto stay at *farmer’s houses. My group stayed at Mr. Tanaka’s house. When we f irst met Mr. Tanaka, he gave us the *schedule for our stay. We looked at it. One of my friends said, “Oh, we’ll work ⓑto *harvest *potatoes for two hours.” I thought, “That sounds interesting, but the work will be hard on a hot day.”
When we got to Mr. Tanaka’s house, Mrs. Tanaka *welcomed us. She gave us *Japanese apricot juice. “I made this juice. We *grow Japanese apricots,” she said. We enjoyed the delicious juice. After that, Mr. Tanaka took us to his *f ields.
First, we went to a rice f ield near a beautiful river. “Water from this river grows good rice,” Mr. Tanaka said. Then we walked to the potato f ield. The sun was *shining in the sky. Mr. Tanaka said, “①Let’s start our work here. Please use these *shovels.” I worked very hard with a shovel. I thought, “This work isn’t easy, but I’m happy ⓒto harvest a lot of potatoes.”
When we came back to the house with a lot of potatoes, Mrs. Tanaka was waiting for us. She smiled and said, “You look tired. After a short *rest, let’s start making dinner at f ive.” We cooked the potatoes. We had a good dinner and talked a lot. Then, we enjoyed watching beautiful
*f iref lies near the river.
The next morning, it was rainy. We cleaned the *henhouse. Then we carefully *gathered a lot of
( ② ) there. We cooked them for breakfast. They were delicious. After breakfast, we started
ⓓto put *Japanese plums into boxes in the house. We f inished ③our work at ten thirty.
“Thank you very much. We had a wonderful time with you. This stay gave us a chance to think about a farmer’s work,” we said to Mr. and Mrs. Tanaka. Then we left the house before noon.
〔 注 〕 chance 機会 farmer 農業をする人 schedule 日程表 harvest 収穫する
potato ジャガイモ welcome 歓迎する Japanese apricot 梅 grow 栽培する,育てる f ield 田畑 shine 輝く shovel シャベル rest 休息,休み f iref ly ホタル henhouse ニワトリ小屋 gather 集める Japanese plum スモモ
問1 二重線部ⓐ~ⓓと同じ用法の不定詞を含む文をア~エから1つずつ選び,記号で答えなさい。 ア He wants someone to help him. イ I tried to understand you.
ウ She was angry to hear that. エ Tom came to see you.
ⓐ 〔 〕 ⓑ 〔 〕 ⓒ 〔 〕 ⓓ 〔 〕
問2 下線部①のour workを他の2語で言いかえ,仕事の内容がわかる文に書きかえなさい。 Let’s start here.
問3 ( ② )に適する1語を書きなさい。ただし,eで始まる語とします。 問4 下線部③は,具体的には何をすることか,日本語で答えなさい。( ) 問5 本文の内容と合うように次の問いに答えるとき, に適する語を書きなさい。
⑴ What did the students do after dinner on the f irst day? They near the river.
⑵ Did the students leave Mr. Tanaka’s house in the morning or in the afternoon? They there in the .
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